Fei Chai
Professor and Director of School of Marine Sciences; Cooperating Professor, Climate Change Institute
Contact Information
Research interests
I study how physical and biological processes contribute to the carbon cycle, and how the biological pump transfers carbon into the deep ocean. My current research interests include: developing and testing physical-biological models in several regions, the equatorial Pacific and the coast of Peru, the Gulf of Maine, and the Arabian Sea; studying the nutrient transport from the interior ocean to the surface by the ocean circulation and mixing processes; assimilating satellite information into the physical-biological models, such as sea surfac e temperature and surface ocean color. Much of my work has been interdisciplinary, emphasizing physical and biological oceanography. I am also interested in using the stateof-the-art supercomputing power for the large scale ecosystem models.
Publications
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Xiu, P, F. Chai, L. Shi, H. Xue, Y. Chao (2012): Modeling meso-scale eddy field in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep Sea Research I, 63, 102-117.
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Palacz, A.P. and F. Chai (2012): Spatial and temporal variability in nutrients and carbon uptake during 2004 and 2005 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Biogeosciences, 9, 4369-4383.
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Huff DD, Lindley ST, Wells BK, Chai F (2012) Green Sturgeon Distribution in the Pacific Ocean Estimated from Modeled Oceanographic Features and Migration Behavior. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045852.
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Xiu, P. and F. Chai (2012): Spatial and temporal variability in phytoplankton carbon, chlorophyll, and nitrogen in the North Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research VOL. 117, C11023, doi:10.1029/2012JC008067.
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Nan, F., H. Xue, P. Xiu, F. Chai, , M. Shi, P. Guo (2011): Oceanic eddy formation and propagation southwest of Taiwan. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 116, doi:10.1029/2011JC007386.
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Xiu, P. and F. Chai (2011): Modeled biogeochemical responses to mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2010JC006800.
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Palacz, A., H. Xue, C. Armbrecht, C. Zhang, F. Chai (2011): Seasonal and interannual changes in the surface chlorophyll of the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, VOL. 116, C09015, doi:10.1029/2011JC007064.
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Nan, F., H. Xue, F. Chai, L. Shi, M. Shi, P. Guo (2011): Identification of Different Types of Kuroshio Intrusion into the South China Sea. Ocean Dynamics, 61:1291-1304.doi 10.1007/s10236-011-0426-3.
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[Xiu, P., A. Palacz, F. Chai, E. Roy, and M. Wells (2011): Iron flux induced by Haida eddies in the Gulf of Alaska. Geophys. Res. Lett. VOL 38, L13607, doi:10.1029/2011GL047946.
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Hong, H. F. Chai, C. Zhang, B. Huang, Y. Jiang, J. Hu (2011): An overview of physical and biogeochemical processes and ecosystem dynamics in the Taiwan Strait. Continental Shelf Research 31 (2011) S3–S12.
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[Song, J., H. Xue, X. Bao, D. Wu, F. Chai, L. Shi, Z. Yao, Y. Wang, F. Nan, and K. Wan (2011): A spectral mixture model analysis of the Kuroshio variability and the water exchange between the Kuroshio and the East China Sea. Chinese J. of Oceanology and Limnology, 29, 446-459. DOI:10.1007/s00343-011-0114-7.
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Galindo, H., A. Pfeiffer-Herbert, M.A. McManus, Y. Chao, F. Chai, and S.R. Palumbi (2010): Seascape genetics along a steep cline: using genetic patterns to test predictions of marine larval dispersal. Molecular Ecology 19, 3692-3707. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04694.x.
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Strutton, P.G., A.P. Palacz, R.C. Dugdale, F. Chai, A. Marchi, A.E. Parker, V. Hogue, F.P. Wilkerson (2010): The impact of equatorial Pacific tropical instability waves on hydrography and nutrients: 2004-2005. Deep Sea Res. II, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.015
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Palacz, A., F. Chai, R.C. Dugdale, C.I. Measures (2010): Estimating iron and aluminum removal rates in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean using a box model approach. Deep Sea Res. II, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.012
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Liu, G., H. Li, H. Wang, F. Chai (2010): Review on the Ecological Dynamics Studies of Green Tide. Advances in Earth Science, Vol. 25, No. 2, Feb. 2010.
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Brzezinski, M.A., S.B. Baines, W.M. Balch, C.P. Beucher, F. Chai, R.C. Dugdale, J.W. Krause, M.R. Landry, A. Marchi, C. Measures, D.M. Nelson, A. Parker, A. Poulton, K. Selph, P. Strutton, A. Taylor, B. Twining (2010): Co-limitation of diatoms by iron and silicic acid in the equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Res. II, 58, 493-511, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.005
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Dugdale, R.C., F. Chai, R. Feely, C. Measures, A. Parker, F. Wilkerson (2010): The regulation of equatorial Pacific new production and pCO2 by silicate-limited diatoms. Deep Sea Res. II, 58, 477-492.
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Kueh, Mien-Tze, Chung-Hsiung Sui, Kon-Kee, Liu, and Fei Chai (2010): On the Upper Ocean Thermal Structure in a Western North Pacific Ocean Model: Model Evaluation and Sensitivity Study. Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. No. 1, xxxx-xxxx, February 2010. Doi:10.3319/TAO.2009.06.03.01.
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Liu, G. and F. Chai (2009): Seasonal and interannual variation of physical and biological processes during 1994-2001 in the Sea of Japan/East Sea: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study. Journal of Marine Systems, Vol. 78, 265-277.
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Liu, G. and F. Chai (2009): Seasonal and interannual variability of primary and export production in the South China Sea: A three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical model study. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66, 420-431.
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Chai, F. G. Liu, H. Xue, L. Shi, Y. Chao, C-T Tseng, W-C Chou, and K-K Liu (2009): Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Carbon Cycle in South China Sea: a Three-Dimensional Physical-Biogeochemical Modeling Study. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 65, pp. 703 to 720.
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Fujii, M., F. Chai, L. Shi, H. Inoue, and M. Ishii (2009): Seasonal and interannual variability of carbon cycling in western and central tropical-subtropical Pacific: a Physical-Biogeochemical Modeling Study. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 65, pp. 689-701.
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Bidigare, R.R., F. Chai, M. R. Landry, R. Lukas, C. Hannides, S. J. Christensen, D.M. Karl, L.Shi and Y. Chao (2009): Subtropical ocean ecosystem structure changes forced by North Pacific climate variations. Journal of Plankton Research, Vol. 31, No. 10, 1131-1139.
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Zhang, W-Z, H. Hong, S. Shang, X. Yan, F. Chai (2009): Strong southward transport events due to typhoons in the Taiwan Strait. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, C11013, doi:10.1029/2009JC005372.
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Xiu, P., Y. Liu, G. Li, Q. Xu, Z. Rong, X. Yin, F. Chai (2009): Deriving depths of deep chlorophyll maximum and water inherent optical properties: A regional model. Continental Shelf Research, 29, 2270-2279.
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Xiu, P, F. Chai, L. Shi, H. Xue, Y. Chao (in press): A census of eddy activities in the South China Sea during 1993-2007. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
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Buesseler, K. O., S. C. Doney, D. M. Karl, P. W. Boyd, K. Caldeira, F. Chai, K. H. Coale, H. J. W. de Baar, P. G. Falkowski, K. S. Johnson, R. S. Lampitt, A. F. Michaels, S. W. A. Naqvi, V. Smetacek, S. Takeda, A. J. Watson (2008): Ocean Iron Fertilization--Moving Forward in a Sea of Uncertainty. Science, 11 January 2008: Vol. 319, No. 5860, p. 162
. DOI: 10.1126/science.1154305.
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Friedrichs, M.A.M, M-E Carr, R. T. Barber, M. Scardi, D. Antoine, R. A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M. J. Behrenfeld, E.T. Buitenhuis, F. Chai, J. R. Christian, A.M. Ciotti, S. C. Doney, M. Dowell, J. Dunne, B. Gentili, W. Gregg, N. Hoepffner, J. Ishizaka, T. Kameda, I. Lima, J. Marra, F. Mélin, J. Moore, A. Morel, R. T. O’Malley, J. O’Reilly, V. S. Saba, M. Schmeltz, T. J. Smyth, J. Tjiputra, K. Waters, T. K. Westberry, A. Winguth (2008): Assessing the Uncertainties of Model Estimates of Primary Productivity in the Tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Marine Systems, doi:10.1016/j.marsys.2008.05.010.
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Polovina, J. J., F. Chai, E. A. Howell, D. R. Kobayashi, L. Shi, and Y. Chao (2008): Ecosystem dynamics at a productivity gradient: a study of the lower trophic dynamics around the northern atolls in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Progress in Oceanography, 77, 217-224.
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Fujii, M. and F. Chai (2007): Modeling carbon and silicon cycling in the equatorial Pacific. Deep Sea Res. II 54, 496-520.
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Zhang, W.Z., H.S. Hong, S.P. Shang, D.W. Chen, and F. Chai (2007): A two-way nested coupled tide-surge model for the Taiwan Strait. Continental Shelf Research, doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.018.
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Dugdale, R.C., F.P. Wilkerson, F. Chai, and R. Feely (2007): Size fractionated nitrogen uptake measurements in the Equatorial Pacific and confirmation of the low Si-HNLC condition. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 21, No. 2, GB2005, 10.1029/2006GB002722.
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Chai, F., M-S Jiang, Y. Chao, R.C. Dugdale, F. Chavez, and R.T. Barber (2007): Modeling Responses of Diatom Productivity and Biogenic Silica Export to Iron Enrichment in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycle, Vol. 21, GB3S90, doi:10.1029/2006GB002804.
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Pfeiffer-Hoyt, A. S., M.A. McManus, P.T. Raimondi, Y. Chao, and F. Chai (2007): Dispersal of barnacle larvae along the central California coast: A modeling study. Limnol. Oceanogy.,52(4), 2007, 1559-1569.
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Fujii, M., E. Boss, and F. Chai (2007): The value of adding optics to ecosystem models: a case study. Biogeosciences 4, 1585-1631.
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Friedrichs, M.A.M., J. A. Dusenberry, L. A. Anderson, R. Armstrong, F. Chai, J. R. Christian, S. C. Doney, J. Dunne, M. Fujii, R. Hood, D. McGillicuddy, J. K. Moore, M. Schartau, Y. H. Spitz, J. D. Wiggert (2007): Assessment of skill and portability in regional marine biogeochemical models: the role of multiple planktonic groups. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C08001, doi:10.1029/2006JC003852.
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Alexander, M., A. Capotondi, A. Miller, F. Chai, R. Brodeur, and C. Deser (2008), Decadal variability in the northeast Pacific in a physical-ecosystem model: Role of mixed layer depth and trophic interactions. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, C02017, doi:10.1029/2007JC004359.
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Jiang, M-S and F. Chai (2006): Physical control on the seasonal cycle of surface pCO2 in the equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 33, doi:10.1029/2006GL027195.
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Hood, R.R., E.A. Laws, R.A. Armstrong, N.R. Bates, C.W. Brown, C.A. Carlson, F. Chai, S.C. Doney, P.G. Falkowski, R.A. Feely, M.A. Friedrichs, M.L. Landry, J.K. Moore, D.M. Nelson, T.L. Richardson, B. Salihoglu, M. Schartau, D.A. Toole, J.D. Wiggert (2006): Pelagic functional group modeling: Progress, challenges and prospects. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 53, 459-512.
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McKinley, G.A., T. Takahashi, E. Buitenhuis, F. Chai, J. R. Christian, S. C. Doney, M.-S. Jiang, C. Le Quere, I. Lima, K. Linday, J.K. Moore, R. Murtugudde, L. Shi, P.Wetzel (2006): North Pacific carbon cycle response to climate variability on seasonal to decadal timescales. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 111, C07S06, doi:10.1029/2005JC003173.
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Fujii, M., Y. Yamanaka, Y. Nojiri, M.J. Kishi, and F. Chai (2007): Comparison of seasonal characteristics in biogeochemistry among the subarctic North Pacific stations described with a NEMURO-based marine ecosystem model. Ecological Modeling, 202 (2007) 52-67. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.046
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Ning, X., F. Chai, and Q. Hao (2006): Hypereutrophication in the Ngau Mei Hoi Bay, Hong Kong. Journal of Coastal Research 22(6), 1565-1572.
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Miller, A. J., A. J. Gabric, J. R. Moisan, F. Chai, D. J. Neilson, D. W. Pierce, and E. Di Lorenzo (2006): Global Change and Oceanic Primary Productivity: Effects of Ocean-Atmosphere-Biological Feedbacks. In “Global Climate Change and Response of the Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific and Indian Oceans and Adjacent Land Massesâ€Â, Edited By Hodaka Kawahata and Yoshio Awaya, Elsevier Oceanography Series 73.
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Fujii, M., N. Yoshie, Y. Yamanaka, and F. Chai (2005): Simulated biogeochemical responses to iron enrichments in three high nutrient, low chlorophyll (HNLC) regions. Progress in Oceanography, doi:10/1016/j.pocean.2005.02.017.
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Fujii, M. and F. Chai (2005): Effects of biogenic silica dissolution on silicon cycling and export production. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL022054.
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Jiang, M-S and F. Chai (2005): Physical and biological controls on the latitudinal asymmetry of surface nutrients and pCO2 in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, C06007, doi:10.1029/2004JC002715.
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Jiang, M-S and F. Chai (2004): Iron and silicate regulation on new and export production in the equatorial Pacific: A physical-biological model study. Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 31, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018598.
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deYoung, B., M. Heath, F. Werner, F. Chai, B. Megrey, and P. Monfray (2004): Challenges of Modelling Ocean Basin Ecosystems. Science, Vol. 304, 1463-1467.
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Ning, X., F. Chai, H. Xue, Y. Cai, C. Liu, and J. Shi (2004): Physical-biological oceanographic coupling influencening phytoplankton and primary production in the South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, C10005, doi:10.1029/2004JC002365.
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Miller, A., F. Chai, S. Chiba, J. Moisan, and D. Neilson (2004): Decadal-Scale Climate and Ecosystem Interactions in the North Pacific Ocean. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 60, pp. 163-188.
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Dugdale, R.C., M. Lyle, F.P. Wilkerson, F. Chai, R.T. Barber, T-H Peng, and A.G. Wischmeyer (2004): The Influence of Equatorial Diatom Processes on Si Deposition and Atmospheric CO2 Cycles at Glacial/Interglacial Time Scales. Paleoceanography, Vol. 19, PA3001, doi:10.1029/2003PA000929.
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Xue, H., F. Chai, N. Pettigrew, M. Shi, J. Xu, and D. Xu (2004): Kuroshio Intrusion and the Circulation in the Northern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, C02017, doi:10.1029/2002JC001724.
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Sandweiss, D., K. A. Maasch, F. Chai, C. F. Andrus, and E. J. Reitz (2004): Archaeological Evidence for Multi-decadal Natural Climatic Variability and Ancient Andean Fisheries. Quaternary Research, 61, 330-334.
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Chu, S., S. Elliott, M. Maltrud, and F. Chai (2004): Southern Ocean Iron Enrichments Simulated in a Global, Eddy Permitting GCM. Environmental Sciences and Environmental Computing (ESEC)" Vol II. Editor: Paolo Zannetti, An electronic book published and distributed by TheEnviroComp Institute (www.envirocomp.org).
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Shang, S.L., C.Y. Zhang, H.S. Hong, F. Chai, and S.P. Shang (2004): Short-term variability of chlorophyll associated with upwelling events in the Taiwan Strait region during southeast monsoon of 1998. Deep Sea Res. II, 51, 1113-1128.
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carbon uptake during 2004 and 2005 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean.
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Chai, F., M. Jiang, R.T. Barber, R.C. Dugdale, and Y. Chao (2003): Interdecadal Variation of the Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front, A Physical-Biological Model Simulation between 1960 and 1990. Journal of Oceanography, Vol. 59, 461-475.
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Lehodey, P., F. Chai, and J. Hampton (2003): Modelling climate-related variability of tuna populations from a coupled ocean-biogeochemical-populations dynamics model. Fisheries Oceanography, Vol. 12, 45, 483-494.
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Jiang, M-S, F. Chai, R.T. Barber, R.C. Dugdale, F. Wilkerson, and T-H Peng (2003). A nitrate and silicate budget in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean: A coupled biological-physical model study. Deep Sea Res. II, Vol. 50 (22-26), 2971-2996.
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Miller, A.J., M.A. Alexander, G.J. Boer, F. Chai, K. Deman, D.J. Erickson, R. Frouin, A.J. Gabric, E.A. Laws, M.R. Lewis, Z. Liu, R. Murtugudde, S. Nakamoto, D.J. Neilson, J.R. Norris, J.C. Ohlmann, R. Perry, N. Schnerider, K. Shell, and A. Timmermann (2003): Potential Feedbacks Between Pacific Ocean Ecosystems and Interdecadal Climate Variations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), May 2003, 617-633.
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Chai, F., R. C. Dugdale, T-H Peng, F. P. Wilkerson, and R. T. Barber (2002): One Dimensional Ecosystem Model of the Equatorial Pacific Upwelling System, Part I: Model Development and Silicon and Nitrogen Cycle. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 49, No. 13-14, 2713-2745.
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Dugdale, R.C., R. T. Barber, F. Chai, T.H. Peng, and F.P. Wilkerson (2002): One Dimensional Ecosystem Model of the Equatorial Pacific Upwelling System, Part II: Sensitivity Analysis and Comparison with JGOFS EqPac Data. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 49, No. 13-14, 2746-2762.
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Dugdale, R.C., A.G. Wischmeyer, F.K. Wilkerson, R. T. Barber, F. Chai, M. Jiang, and T.H. Peng (2002): Source of meridional asymmetry of nutrients to the equatorial upwelling ecosystem and modeling of the impact on ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 49, No. 13-14, 2713-2532.
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Xue, H. and F. Chai (2002): Coupled Physical-Biological Model for the Pearl River Estuary: A Phosphate Limited Subtropical Ecosystem. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. 913-928.
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Ning, X., Y. Cai, Z. Liu, and F. Chai (2002): Size-fractionated phytoplankton standing stock and primary production in the Bohai Sea during late spring. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 21(3): 423-435.
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Chai, F., H, Xue, and M. Shi (2001): The study of horizontal transport in the Taiwan Strait. Oceanography in China (13) – South China Sea Circulation Modeling and Observations. H. Xue, F. Chai, and J. Xu (Editors). Page 168-177. China Ocean Press.
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Xue, H., F. Chai, and J. Xu (Editors) (2001): “Oceanography in China (13) – South China Sea Circulation Modeling and Observationsâ€Â, a special issue of Acta Oceanologica Sinica. China Ocean Press. Page 1 – 254.
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Chai, F., H, Xue, and M. Shi (2001): Formation and Distribution of Upwelling and Downwelling in the South China Sea. Oceanography in China (13) - South China Sea Circulation Modeling and Observations. H. Xue, F. Chai, and J. Xu (Editors). Page 117-128. China Ocean Press.
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Barber, R.T. and F. Chai (2001): Using modeling to design and evaluate transient open ocean iron enrichment for carbon sequestration. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration, DOC/NETL-2001/1144. Session 6B, paper No. 4. Washington, D.C., May 2001.
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Chai, F., H, Xue, and M. Shi (2001): General Circulation and its seasonal variation in the Northern and Central South China Sea. Oceanography in China (13) – South China Sea Circulation Modeling and Observations. H. Xue, F. Chai, and J. Xu (Editors). Pag 39-56. China Ocean Press.
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Peng, T-H and F. Chai (2001): Modeling the Carbon Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. The Conference Proceeding on Marine Environment, the Past, Present and Future. C-T Arthur Chen (editor). 240-255.
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Xue, H., F. Chai, and N. R. Pettigrew (2000): A model study of the seasonal circulation in the Gulf of Maine: in response to local forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr, Vol. 30, 1111-1135.
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Thieler, E.R., O. H. Pilkey, Jr., R. S. Young, D. M. Bush, and F. Chai (2000): The Use of Mathematical Models to Predict Beach Behavior for Coastal Engineering: A Critical Review. Journal of Coastal Research, 16(1), 48-70.
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Xue, H., F. Chai, N. R. Pettigrew, D. Xu, and M. Shi (2000): Upper Ocean Circulation in the Northern South China Sea. Proceedings - Second International Ocean and Atmosphere Conference COAA 2000, 73-78.
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Thieler, E.R., O. H. Pilkey, Jr., R. S. Young, D. M. Bush, and F. Chai (2002): Reply to Dubois, R.N., 2000: Discussion of Thieler et al. (2000): The Use of Mathematical Models to Predict Beach Behavior for Coastal Engineering: A Critical Review. Journal of Coastal Research, 18(1), 194-195.
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Chai, F., S.T. Lindley, J. R. Toggweiler, and R.T. Barber (1999): Testing the importance of iron and grazing in the maintenance of the high nitrate condition in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean, a physical-biological model study. In: The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle. R.B. Hanson, H.W. Ducklow, & J.G. Field (Editors). International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) Book Series 5. Pp. 156-186. Cambridge University Press.
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Chai, F. and H. Xue (1999): The Response of the Equatorial Pacific Western Pacific to a Westerly Wind Burst. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 18(4), 69-78.
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Peng, T-H and F. Chai (1999): Modeling the carbon cycle in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium "CO2 In The Ocean", Tsubuka, Japan, January 1999, CGER-1037-'99, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Environmental Agency of Japan, p.183-189.
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Busseler, K.O., L. Ball, J.A. Andrews, C. Benitez-Nelson, R. Belastock, F. Chai, and Y. Chao (1999): Upper ocean export of particulate organic carbon in the Arabian Sea derived from Thorium-234. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 45, No. 10-11, 2405-2432.
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Ning, X., Z. Liu, Y. Cai, M. Fang, and F. Chai (1998): Physicobiological oceanographic remote sensing of the East China Sea: Satellite and in situ observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 103, No. C10, 21,623-21,635.
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Landry, M R., R.T. Barber, R.R. Bidigare, F. Chai, K.H. Coale, H.G. Dam, M.R. Lewis, S.T. Lindley, J.J. McCarthy, M.R. Roman, D.K. Stoecker, P.G. Verity, J.R. White (1997): Iron and Grazing Constraints on Primary Production in the Central Equatorial Pacific: An EQPAC Synthesis. Limnol. Oceanogy, Vol. 42, No.3, 405-418.
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Chai, F., R.T. Barber, and S.T. Lindley (1996): Origin and maintenance of high nutrient condition in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 42, No. 4-6, 1031-1064.
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Barber, R.T., S.T. Lindley, M. Sanderson, F. Chai, J. Newton, C.C. Trees, D.G. Foley, and F. Chavez (1996): Primary production in the equatorial Pacific during 1992. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 42, No. 4-6, 933-969.
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Chai, F. (1995): Origin and Maintenance of High Nutrient Condition in the Equatorial Pacific, A Biological-Physical Model Study. Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, pp170.
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Busseler, K.O., J.A. Andrews, M.C. Hartman, R. Belastock, and F. Chai (1995): Regional estimates of the export flux of particulate organic carbon derived from Thorium-234 during the JGOFS EqPac program. Deep-Sea Res. II, Vol. 42, No. 2-3, 777-804.
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Barber, R.T., F. Chai, S.T. Lindley, and R.R. Bidigare (1995): Regulation of equatorial primary production. In: Global Fluxes of Carbon and Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-Ocean-Atmosphere System, I. Koike (ed.). Science Council of Japan, 283-290.
Education
Ph.D. in Ocean Science, 1995, Duke University
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